Rosa Luxemburg, a student who came to Zürich from Poland in 1889 and studied political economy under Julius Wolf.
The record presents her doctorate as a normal academic milestone, but also notes she demonstrated her supervisor's professional incompetence point by point.
She enrolled at the university in 1889, studied under Wolf from 1892, and completed her doctorate under his supervision in 1897. One cited document says that when Wolf had hopelessly entangled himself, she would get up and demonstrate his professional incompetence point by point. Another says she graduated in 1898 as one of the first women. The record does not establish that Wolf directed her later political positions, nor any later institutional or funding link.
It shows how a formal academic relationship can coexist with public, point-by-point rejection of the supervisor's competence.