Archbishop Paul Marcinkus (1922-2006) was a Lithuanian-American who headed the Vatican bank (the IOR).
He was the bank's president during a major banking collapse and was implicated in the wrongdoing.
He led the IOR during the 1982 collapse of Banco Ambrosiano and was implicated in money-laundering, but the Vatican's status as its own sovereign territory shielded him from Italian prosecution.
He is a clear case of how the Vatican's independence can put its officials beyond the reach of another country's courts.